Category: General Psychology
Music Therapy Clinical Trials in Asia and Around the Globe
Music therapy has become more common globally as nonpharmacological treatment options for memory loss, pain management, reduction of behavioral and psychological symptoms, and increased quality of life. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze music interventions for older adults across the globe to better understand emerging best practices. A review of all studies …
Relationship Between Religiosity and Receptive Attitude Toward Muslims Among Japanese Students
With a growing Muslim population in Japan, there is an increasing need to understand and foster a positive attitude to live in harmony with Muslims. However, reports show that Japanese people are confused by specific religious views of Muslims in their interactions (Nakano & Tanaka, 2017). They also refrain from discussing religion as they consider …
The Effect of Romantic Relationship on the Perceived Development of Anxiety Amongst High School Students
Romantic relationships are a major developmental milestone among adolescents, but when young and unprepared high schoolers explore them, it can be a source of great anxiety resulting in emotional upheavals. This study aimed to ascertain the perceived anxiety level of high school students involved in a romantic relationship according to gender, age, and length of …
An Exploratory Study of Information on COVID-19 Vaccines Obtained by Japanese Working Adults Through Social Media
The first COVID-19 vaccinations in the United States and Europe began in 2020. In Japan, however, they started in 2021, much later than in the rest of the world. At that time, all kinds of information about the COVID-19 vaccine were flooding on social media, which may have influenced attitudes toward vaccination. This study aimed …
The Impact of Paternal Childcare on Perceptual Information Processing
Paternal childcare is a predominantly human behaviour rarely observed in other mammals. However, the active involvement in paternal childcare only increased during the last century due to the growing number of women joining the workforce after childbirth. Despite the growing social acceptance of a caregiving father, it is unknown whether becoming a father might shape …
Development of Realistic Optimism Scale
This research aims to develop a scale to measure realistic optimism and examine its validity and reliability. First, the researcher corrected items of the conventional scale proposed by Magari (2013) and added a number of items to create a realistic optimism scale of 16 items (original scale). Using the original scale, a preliminary survey was …
Epistemological Perspectives on the Concept of Cultural Humility in Psychology
The present paper will focus on cultural humility, by highlighting this concept’s theoretical and practical significance in advancing cross-cultural understanding in psychology. In the recent psychological literature, cultural humility has been described as a core value, consisting in the psychologist’s engagement to an interpersonal stance that is other-oriented and self-reflective in relation to cultural identities …
Gender Differences in Relationships Among Conscious and Unconscious Cognition of Culpability of Bullying Victims and Accepting Attitudes Toward Bullying
Examining the validity of the Implicit Association Test for assessing unconscious cognition of culpability of bullying victims, including the idea that bullying victims are also responsible for being bullied (Hori et al., 2020a), indicated significant gender differences in the subscale scores of the scale for measuring accepting attitudes toward bullying (Shinto & Saito, 2001). However, …
Gender Differences in the Effects of Expectancies for Hypnotic State on Attitude Towards Hypnosis
Significant but weak positive correlations between expectancies for the hypnotic state and attitude towards hypnosis (Nakatani et al., 2021a) are reported in women. Fukui (2012a, b) analyzed gender as a control variable and found the moderating effects of interpersonal dependency or empathy in the effects of expectancies for the hypnotic state on attitude towards hypnosis. …
The Construction of Self-Awareness Efficiency Scale for Helping Professionals
In the helping profession, having good self-awareness can effectively improve the working efficiency while helping others. The purpose of the study is to provide a better understanding by constructing a “Self-Awareness Efficiency Scale for Helping Professionals (SAES)”. The research is divided into four stages. The first stage is “qualitative interview” stage. The researcher invited six …
The Modulation of Cultural Priming on the Self-Bias Effects in Perceptual Matching
Recent research has discovered a bias towards the processing of self-relevant information in perceptual matching tasks. Judgments for self-associated stimuli are processed faster and more accurately than judgements for friend or stranger associated stimuli. It is also well known that priming of independent or interdependent self-construals successfully modulate self-biases in high-level tasks such as self-referential …
Japanese University Students’ Intention to Seek Help From Psychological Professionals Compared to Family Members and Friends
There was no national certification for psychologists in Japan until recently. However, nearly 30,000 licensed psychologists have registered since the Licensed Psychologists Law was promulgated in 2015. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to consult a psychologist, possibly because psychologists lack recognition as consultants, despite societies’ recognition of the need for their services. We compared the intention …
The Process of Overcoming Difficulties and Gaining Happiness by Realistic Optimists – Relationship between Well-Being and Realistic Optimism
Objective: This study examines how the people with realistic optimistic view overcome difficulties and obtain well-being and also examine how they perceive well-being. Method: Initially a questionnaire survey was conducted on 17 correspondence students aged above 60 using realistic optimism scale. 8 participants who scored high in the questionnaire survey were chosen for the interview. …
Sex Differences in the Regulation of Pain Empathy: Evidence from the EEG Mu Rhythm Measurements
Contrary to the long-held belief that empathyㅡsharing others’ emotionsㅡis reflexive and automatic, recent evidence has begun to emphasize the role of top-down modulation in empathic experience. That is, empathy is increasingly being regarded as a phenomenon regulated by motivation. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether there exist sex differences in empathy …
The Risky-choice Framing Effect During Repeatedly Decision Process in Dynamic Context
Prospect theory can predict the susceptibility of framing effect such that decision-makers are opt for taking risks when they feel lost for the static decision tasks, where one only needs to make one decision, but the theory fails to predict the susceptibility for the dynamic decision tasks, where one needs to make a group of …
Comparative Interpretation of Tree Painting between People on Different Loneliness Levels
Tree drawing is a form of projective test used to assess one’s development (Koch, 1992). In Jungian psychology, tree(s) are often used as a symbol of development; representing a mirror on a person’s inner and outer situation (Isaksson et al., 2009). The metaphorical interpretation of tree(s) can be symbolised as how a person relates to …
Mindfulness and Depression: The Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility
Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the mediating role of psychological flexibility on the relationship between mindfulness and depression. Method: The participants were 312 high school students in Thailand. The sampling method was multistage cluster sampling. Research instruments were Psychological Flexibility Scale for Adolescents (PFSA-Thai), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D-Thai) …
Maternal Affect, Work and Family Conflicts, and Infant Negative Affectivity: A Longitudinal Study of Working Mothers in Singapore
Infant negative affectivity (NA) refers to an infant temperament characterized by a predisposition toward anger, frustration, fear, and sadness. There is growing recognition of the influence of maternal factors on infant NA which could affect an infant’s long term development. This paper documented the preliminary findings of a longitudinal study that aimed to explore maternal …
The Association Between Parental Anxiety and Early Parenting Behaviour at Six Weeks Postpartum
The present study investigated the influence of parents’ anxiety on their parenting behaviour towards their newborn infants. Five types of parenting behaviour were examined, namely, discipline, parent-led routine, apprehension, nurturance, and involvement. A total of 635 participants (350 mothers, 285 fathers) were recruited at six weeks postpartum from a regional hospital in Singapore. According to …
Prevalence and Predictors of Exercise Addiction – A Comparison between High School and College Students in the United States
There is a growing recognition of exercise addiction (EA), which is characterised by uncontrollable and excessive exercise resulting in physical and psychological problems. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of EA and compare its predictors in high school and college students in the United States. 533 high school (mean age = 17.39) and 1240 …
Character Strengths as Paths to Spiritual Life
There is a noticeable increase of interest in the study of spirituality within the context of positive psychology. The literature review shows several parallels between dimensions of spirituality as explored within psychology of religion and spirituality, and the model of character strengths (CS), as developed by positive psychology. However, coming from the domain of psychology …
The Effect of Negative Emotions on Food Intake and Maladaptive Eating Behaviour: A Literature Review
Taking into account the existing literature, it seems that negative emotions and maladaptive eating behaviour are interrelated and causally linked. Some research suggests that negative emotion decrease after maladaptive eating behaviour (Smyth et al., 2001) while others suggest that it does not decrease (Evers et al., 2018) or continues to increase (Haedt-Matt and Keel, 2011). …
Using Mask Painting to Assess Individual Role Preference in a Society
Mask painting is a form of instrument in art therapy to assess (Trepal-Wollenzier & Wester, 2002) and to be utilized as a therapeutic device (Janzing, 1986). In Jungian psychology, mask reflects human expression that represents individual relations to the environment (Konijn & Hoorn, 2017). Creating a mask is projecting the self into mask form (Malchiodi, …
Values as Predictor of Youth Procrastination in the Conditions of Globalization
Procrastination as a voluntary, irrational postponement of the planned actions despite the fact that it will cost a lot or will have a negative effect on a person, became the disease of our times (Milgram, 1992). In spite of the fact that procrastination becomes a more serious problem in business, as in well as in …
Humanistic Approach on Art Therapy In Attempts To Create Balance Self-Concept
This research paper explores the connection between Self-Concept and developmental process of a person in attempt to understand better about how obscurity in Self-Concept Clarity (SCC) and Self-Concept Differentiation (SCD) can create incongruence that will affect one’s function as a human. Holistic experience in each life event play major roles to clarify about own Self-Concept, …
Empathy and Late Adolescents’ Self in Digital Age
Adolescents develop a sense of self by exploring the world through social interaction. However, the digital technology nowadays changes the way how adolescents interact. By spending time online, adolescents enjoy to interact with others virtually than face-to-face. This superficial interaction might reduce their capacity to understand what others’ thinking and feeling, which is called by …
The Development of the Resilience Questionnaire for Elementary School Students: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
The purpose of the study was to develop the Resilience Questionnaire for Elementary school students by using confirmatory factor analysis. The participants were selected by multi stage cluster random sampling. The participants were 311 elementary school students aged 9-11 years and studying grade 4-6. Factor analytic findings supported a five-factor model of resilience, which consisted …
Psychological Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on an Emotional Go/Nogo Task and Its Relation to Plasma Oxytocin and Prolactin Levels
Numbers of previous studies have suggested that the menstrual cycle of healthy women with natural menstrual cycle influences facial emotion processing. We investigated the effect of the facial expression as the emotional distractor on the behavioral inhibitory processes in the follicular and luteal phases. Especially, we focused on the oxytocin and prolactin levels which are …
Social Support and Life Satisfaction of Burns Survivors: Relationship with Demographics
Burn survivors are facing many challenges which are affecting their life satisfaction. Even at discharge from hospital, majority of burn survivors reported extra misery and lesser satisfaction with life than the normative samples (Patterson, Ptacek, Cromes, Fauerbach, & Engrav, 2000). Present study was conducted to study the social support and life satisfaction, with specific role …
Stages of Consciousness Formation
The purpose was to describe the basic stages of formation of the personality: A. On the basis of development of the informational processes in Consciousness. B. For the purpose of reaching the highest results. The basic questions are the qualitative changes and their conditions. Stage 1. External programming: accurate statements form operating programs of Consciousness, …
The Relationship between Gambling Behavior, Emotional Intelligence and Self-Esteem in Adolescence
Accumulating research suggests that gambling can negatively affect core domains of development, particularly among adolescents. The present study sought to explore the relationship between gambling behavior, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem in a sample of 324 Greek adolescents (x=13.9). Measures of constructs included the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA) (Winters, Stinchfield, & Fulkerson, 1993), …
Self Efficacy and Locus of Control as Predictors of Prosocial Behaviour and Organizational Commitment among a Sample of Nigerian Nurses
There are lot of negative perceptions people have about nurses’ prosocial behaviour and organizational commitment. However, only few researchers have taken time to investigate this. Therefore, this study sets to investigate and confirm if this is actually true and the influence of self efficacy and locus of control. To achieve this, a well structured questionnaire …
Classifying and Defining Heterogeneity within Antisocial Behaviour
Antisocial behaviour is often classified into physically aggressive and non-aggressive behaviour with respect to the aetiology, correlates and development trajectories (e.g. Burt, 2012; Maughan et. al., 2000). However, every research uses different terminologies for certain types of antisocial behaviour. For instance, one research (Fassnacht, 2010) uses relational versus instrumental whereas another one (e.g. Pardini & …
The Effect of Post-Learning Caffeine Consumption on the Learning and Retrieval of Non-Verbal Stimuli
The present study aimed to conceptually replicate a recent study showing improvements in cognition when caffeine was consumed following learning. Thirty-two non-naive participants were administered 200mg of caffeine either: Pre-Learning, Post-Learning, or At-Retrieval, and compared to non-caffeine administered Controls. The learning and retrieval of non-verbal stimuli was assessed using a Korean Characters Non-Verbal Learning task, …
Consumer Guilt, Online Resale and Purchase Intention
Consumer guilt is a critical factor affecting consumers’ purchase decisions. Marketers would apply various strategies to reduce the sense of guilt so consumers can be more willing to spend the money. With the popularity of online auction, consumers can easily resell unwanted online by themselves, and the return of the resale may lower their sense …
Violence towards other Family Members by Patients with Alcoholism and Schizophrenia
Objective: This descriptive research aimed to study the prevalence of violence toward family of schizophrenia with alcohol drinking patients, character of violence and consequence of violence. Methods: The sample consisted of 96 family members of schizophrenia with alcohol drinking patients hospitalized as inpatients at Khon Kaen Rachanakharin Psychiatric Hospital. The Data collection were applied by …
The “Uncanniness”
The Uncanny Valley is a phenomenon first described by Masahiro Mori in 1970. The theory notes that the more advanced our technology becomes the more similar to us robots become, and this human resemblance unnerves us. Back in the 50’s, there were many industrial robots, the kind of robots that do not have a human-like …
Free Will Beliefs and Moral Responsibility: Disbelief in Free Will Leads to Less Responsibility for Third Person’s Crime
This study examined the effects of belief in free will on attribution of moral responsibility. Past research conducted in Western countries has found that people’s belief in free will influences subsequent social judgment and behavior. For example, induced disbelief in free will caused participants to give lighter prison sentences of the criminal (Shariff, Greene, Karremans, …
The Effects of Association and Emotion in False Memory
The purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of association and emotion in false memory by using a DRM paradigm procedure. This study employed a 3 (association: semantic association vs. category association vs. neighborhood association) × 3 (emotion: positive vs. neutral vs. negative) mixed design, to examine the effects of association and emotion …
The effect of social exclusion on color preference
The current study examined the effects of social exclusion on color preference. Previous researches have suggested that people are more likely to choose hot food when they feel lonely than to choose cold food when they feel sociable. We hypothesized that participants who recalled social exclusion experiences are more likely to prefer warm colors than …
Parenting Style Preferences in Malaysia
This is a cross sectional study that investigated perceived parenting styles and its effect on social skills development among 500 young adults in Malaysia. Parenting styles was investigated from two dimensions (responsiveness and demandingness) and was measured with the parenting style Index by Steinberg and Darling (1992), while social skills was measured with the life …