Structural Equation Model of Causal Factors Affecting Achievement in Calculus 1 for Engineering and Architecture Students

Abstract

This research aimed to develop and validate a structural equation model of causal factors influencing achievement in Calculus 1 for students in the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. The sample consisted of 375 first-year students, obtained through stratified random sampling. Research instruments included questionnaires and an achievement test. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results showed that the developed model was consistent with empirical data (χ2=6.45, df=5, p=0.07, RMSEA=0.038, CFI=0.95, GFI=1.00, AGFI=0.99). Factors directly influencing achievement in Calculus 1 were mathematical aptitude (β=0.07), achievement motivation (β=0.20), mathematical background knowledge (β=0.18), attitude towards calculus (β=0.25), and learning behavior (β=0.28). Achievement motivation and attitude towards calculus also indirectly affected achievement in Calculus 1 through learning behavior. This model explained 75.51% of the variance in achievement in Calculus 1. The results show a need to cultivate mathematical aptitude, improve motivation, and bridge mathematical background knowledge to facilitate achievement in Calculus 1. They also stress the influence of attitudes and achievement motivation on developing suitable learning habits. The results can be utilized to instruct pedagogical techniques and prepare students in engineering and architecture training programs to increase their learning performance in Calculus 1 courses.

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Author Information
Anek Putthidech, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand
Amnaj Sookjam, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand
Sangtong Boonying, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand
Suwit Somsupaprungyot, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand