Cultural and Social Factors Shaping Social Isolation in Older Middle-class Malaysians

Author Information

Prasana Fernandez, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia
Linda Tan, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia
Lai Fong Yang, BNU-HKBU United International College, China

Abstract

As Malaysia’s population ages, many older adults are facing reduced social contact despite living in rapidly developing urban settings. This paper examines how and why social isolation develops among middle-class older adults in Malaysia. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 24 Malay, Chinese, and Indian participants, the findings reveal a paradox: many older adults experience significant social disconnection despite being financially comfortable. The findings highlight how isolation is shaped by both structural and cultural factors. Urban living, adult children’s migration, and declining neighbourhood ties limit daily interaction, while cultural norms surrounding independence, privacy, and filial obligation influence how older adults make sense of the meaning and experience of isolation. Although technology helps some stay connected, it does not work equally well for everyone. By focusing on social isolation as a culturally shaped and structurally produced experience, this paper contributes to understanding the changing social realities of ageing in contemporary Malaysia and points to areas where community and policy support are needed.

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