Abstract
Gender roles are one of the constructs within gender that are typically socialised during childhood through various sides such as family, social environment, culture and media. Balinese culture holds distinctive concepts of gender roles known as purusa and pradana, where a misunderstanding of these constructs has led to a perception that males are more dominant than females in their cultural and social environment. The preteen stage marks the transitional phase from childhood to teenage, which involves biological, psychological, and social shifts. Due to the limited research focusing on preteens in Indonesia, this study aims to explore the preteens’ understanding of gender roles within the context of Balinese culture. This research employs qualitative methods, using interviews with drawing instructions assigned to four preteens born into Hindu-Balinese families. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is used to analyse the findings. This study finds diverse perspectives on gender roles among preteens influenced by their environment. The influence of parents was the most dominant in shaping the views and experiences of preteens, although peer socialisation also played a role in shaping gender role perceptions. Besides that, preteens hold their views on gender roles that are different from their environment, and they interpret their cultural tasks as a duty and identity. In conclusion, parents have the most dominant influence on how preteens shape their perceptions of gender roles. However, each preteen has and already holds their own beliefs on gender roles and actively engages gender roles in their daily, social, and cultural lives.
Author Information
Ivana Gunawan, Udayana University, Indonesia
Putu Nugrahaeni Widiasavitri, Udayana University, Indonesia
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