Older Women in Prison: Navigating Vulnerability at the Intersection of Age and Gender

Author Information

Silvia Bernardo, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
Amélia Augusto, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
Pedro das Neves, Innovative Prison Systems, Portugal

Abstract

Despite the growing number of older individuals deprived of liberty, research on the specific realities of incarcerated older women remains scarce. This paper explores how age and gender intersect to shape the experiences, needs, and vulnerabilities of older women in prison. Drawing on a scoping review of literature focused on their characteristics, experiences, and institutional responses within the European context, the analysis highlights how prison systems—originally designed for a younger male population—generally fail to address the compounded challenges faced by this group. These include health and healthcare issues, particularly those related to gender-specific and age-related conditions, limited access to age- and gender-sensitive programmes, and social isolation exacerbated by double stigmatization (female gender and older age). Applying an intersectional lens, the study examines how systemic inequalities shape older women’s experiences of incarceration. Findings indicate that public (prison) policies and institutional practices often overlook the specific needs of this minority population, reinforcing their invisibility and marginalisation. The paper calls for a shift toward gender- and age-responsive policies and practices to ensure equitable treatment and improved support for older women in prison.

Save as a Favourite