Exploring the Characteristics of Interactive Digital Tools to Enhance Engagement and Reduce Fatigue in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Author Information

Norkhushaini Awang, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Muhammad Nur Hakim Shukor, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Zarina Zainol, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract

This research explores the characteristics of interactive digital tools that enhance engagement and mitigate fatigue in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Given the rising global prevalence of ASD, there is a demand for effective interventions that address the unique cognitive and sensory challenges of these children. Traditional therapeutic methods often struggle with attention maintenance, frequently leading to autistic fatigue and reduced session efficacy. Adopting a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with five experienced therapists from the National Autism Society of Malaysia (NASOM). Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis framework, facilitated by NVivo software to ensure methodological rigor and transparency. The analysis identified five main themes which are digital technology platforms, interface design and user experience, educational outcomes and social learning, system usability and therapeutic efficacy, and implementation barriers. Results indicate that tools featuring simple instructions, adaptive difficulty, multisensory feedback, and relatable social scenarios significantly improve participation while preventing sensory overload. The findings indicate that successful digital tools must balance engaging activity with ease of use by employing simple steps and consistent, predictable patterns. This study concludes with a thematic map that offers practical guidelines for therapists and developers to improve digital tool design. By focusing on simple, sensory-friendly features that put the child first, these digital tools can become more reliable and effective, ultimately supporting better learning and emotional growth for children with ASD.

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