Reevaluation of Wagashi’s Characteristics: How Heian Period Literature Influenced Edo Period Wagashi

James Alexander Gordon on 15th January 2026

Author Information

Abstract

Posted by James Alexander Gordon

img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important}:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}.has-text-align-center{text-align:center}.has-text-align-left{text-align:left}.has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap !important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-wrap:normal !important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#0693e3 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,#fcb900 0%,#ff6900 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,#ff6900 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px #fff,6px 6px #000;--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px #000}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.is-layout-flex>:is(*, div){margin:0}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid}.is-layout-grid>:is(*, div){margin:0}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important}button,input[type='button'],input[type='reset'],input[type='submit'],.button,#page #infinite-handle button,#page #infinite-handle button:hover,.comment-navigation a,.drawer .tax-widget a,.su-button,h3.comments-title,.page-numbers.current,.page-numbers:hover,.woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li span.current,.woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li span:hover,.woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li a:hover,a.added_to_cart,.woocommerce .widget_price_filter .ui-slider .ui-slider-handle,.woocommerce .widget_price_filter .ui-slider .ui-slider-range,.woocommerce button.button.alt,.woocommerce button.button.alt:hover,.woocommerce button.button,.woocommerce button.button:hover,.woocommerce a.button.lenscap,.woocommerce-cart .wc-proceed-to-lenscap a.lenscap-button,.woocommerce-cart .wc-proceed-to-lenscap a.lenscap-button:hover,.woocommerce input.button.alt,.woocommerce input.button.alt:hover{background-color:#7e1416}.widget-area aside .widget-title,.widget-area aside .widgettitle,.widget-area .widget-grofile h4 a,.site-footer .widget-title,.archive-header,.featured-content-title,h3.comment-reply-title,.category-menu-title,#jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-headline{border-left-color:#7e1416}.sort-list .current-menu-item{border-bottom-color:#7e1416}.index-posts .grid-cats a,.grid-cats a,li.is-active:before,li:hover:before{color:#7e1416}.main-navigation ul li.current-menu-item,.main-navigation ul li.current-page-item,.main-navigation ul li:hover{border-top-color:#7e1416}.featured-content-posts .post .grid-text,.hero-pager-wrap,.featured-content-wrapper .slide-navs a,.featured-content-wrapper .featured-content-title,.featured-content-nav{background:.6}#hero-pager .pager-tip{border-bottom-color:.6}.featured-content-wrapper{background:#272c30}.featured-content-wrapper .entry-content{float:none;width:47.5%}.cover-image{opacity:.3}.blur{-webkit-filter:blur(0px);filter:blur(0px)}.site-footer{background:#272c30}.cover-image-footer-wrap{opacity:.3;-webkit-filter:blur(0px);filter:blur(0px)}.featured-content-posts .post .container{padding-top:5%;padding-bottom:5%}.titles-wrap{position:absolute;clip-path:inset(50%)}.ssba img{padding:0 7px 2px 0 !important}div{opacity:1 !important}.site-title{color:gray !important;font-size:13.5px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0px !important;margin-left:0px !important;margin-top:6px !important;text-transform:none !important}#content img{max-width:100%;height:auto;float:left;padding:0 20px 20px 0}.entry-content li{margin-bottom:0 !important}input[type=checkbox]{-webkit-appearance:checkbox}.pagination{margin-top:20px}.pagination div{margin:10px}.nav-previous{float:left}.nav-next{float:left}.issuu-embed div div div:nth-child(2){display:none !important}.breadcrumbs a{padding-right:6px;display:inline}.custom-logo-link img{width:300px}.entry-byline{display:none}.author-profile{display:none}.nf-field-label label{padding-left:0 !important;font-weight:normal !important}.nf-field-element input[type=checkbox]{-webkit-appearance:checkbox}.label-right .checkbox-wrap .nf-field-label{width:95% !important}.site-header-front-page{padding:0;display:inline-block;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:40}.site-footer-front-page{background:#272c30;color:#ddd;color:rgba(255,255,255,.8);padding:0 0 4% 0;font-size:16px;display:block;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:1;overflow:hidden;margin-top:-1.6%}@media (max-width: 800px){.site-footer-front-page{padding-bottom:30px}}@media (max-width: 600px){.site-footer-front-page{font-size:15px}}.site-footer-front-page .widget-title{font-size:20px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:25px;padding:0 10px;border-left:solid 3px #1d96f3;line-height:1.2;color:#fff}@media (max-width: 800px){.site-footer-front-page .widget-title{margin-bottom:15px}}@media (max-width: 600px){.site-footer-front-page .widget-title{font-size:18px;margin-bottom:10px}}.searchandfilter ul li{list-style:none;padding-right:10px}.custom-logo-link img{margin-left:0px !important;margin-bottom:0px !important}.page-template-template-full-width-journalshowcase #primary{width:100%}.pagination a{border-radius:5px !important}.pagination a.active{border-radius:5px !important}.pagination{display:inline-block !important}.pagination a{color:black !important;float:left !important;padding:8px 16px !important;text-decoration:none !important}.page-numbers{padding:8px 16px !important;font-size:20px !important}.ui.comments .comment .avatar img,.ui.comments .comment img.avatar{padding:0px !important;border:none !important}.ui.wplinkpress.comments{font-size:1em !important}*,*:before,*:after{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:unset !important}.gsc-wrapper{position:relative;display:block;max-width:95% !important}.ssba{padding:10px}.ssba img{width:40px !important;padding:6px;border:0;box-shadow:none !important;display:inline !important;vertical-align:middle;box-sizing:unset}.ssba-classic-2 .ssbp-text{display:none !important}.ssba .fb-save{padding:6px;line-height:35px}.ssba,.ssba a{text-decoration:none;background:none;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold}#ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list{max-width:48px !important}#ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a{height:48px !important;width:48px !important}#ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a:hover{}#ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a svg,#ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a svg path,.ssbp-bar-list li a.ssbp-surfingbird span:not(.color-icon) svg polygon{line-height:48px !important;font-size:18px}#ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a:hover svg,#ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li a:hover svg path,.ssbp-bar-list li a.ssbp-surfingbird span:not(.color-icon) svg polygon{}#ssba-bar-2 .ssbp-bar-list li{margin:0px 0 !important}@media only screen and ( max-width: 750px ){#ssba-bar-2{display:block}}

Reevaluation of Wagashi’s Characteristics: How Heian Period Literature Influenced Edo Period Wagashi

Author Information

Abstract

Paper Information

Comments & Feedback

Comments

Powered by WP LinkPress

Posted by James Alexander Gordon